An oxygen sensor reads how much unburned oxygen is in the exhaust and reports it to the engine computer dozens of times a second. The computer uses that signal to fine-tune the fuel mixture — its fuel trim — keeping the blend close to ideal for power, efficiency, and clean combustion. When a sensor ages or fails, that feedback loop breaks down.
A worn oxygen sensor often shows up first as a check-engine light and a quiet drop in fuel economy. Because the related codes can be triggered by other faults — a vacuum leak, an exhaust leak, or a fueling problem — we read the data and confirm the sensor is actually at fault before replacing it, rather than swapping parts on a guess.
